New Publications[1]

 

 

The Critical Pathway to Sustainable Development: from framework concept to conceptual framework. M. Staljanssens. Published by the author, 2005, various paging’s. ISBN: 978-90-9021064-3. Softcover.

The author has a long experience in many parts of the world, and has developed in the course of time an integrative approach to resource management. A relevant workshop manual was published in 1995, and is now followed by the present reference book. It discusses the implementation of an integrative concept of pro-active decision-making in area-based land and sea resources management. The reader interested in this subject will find a brief overview of historical change in the field of land and water management, a summary of the reflection of the author and his experiences with this integrative approach, and guidelines for the implementation of the concept for sustainable development.

The book has the following parts and chapters: Part I. Introduction. Ch. 1. The origin of the concept; Ch. 2. The method.  Part II. The concept per component. Ch. 3. Boundaries and boundary conditions; Ch. 4. Problems and issues; Ch. 5. Objectives and concerns; Ch. 6. Interaction and sustainability issues; Ch. 7. Alternatives;  Ch. 8. Preferences and priorities; Ch. 9. Evaluation and inference. Ch. 10. Communication processes. Part III. Conclusions. Ch. 11. Practicalities and implementation; Ch. 12. Achievements and results. All chapters have a practical abstract, facilitating to find the appropriate information in the handbook. The book closes with a list with 423 references, a useful glossary, acronyms and figures. Throughout the text, many tables and figures are added.

Unfortunately, the book has no index, while the paging is per chapter. This innovative book presents a wealth of detailed data and information.

Price: EUR 30.00.

Orders to: Dr. M. Staljanssens, Pelmolenstraat 78, NL-7511 SC Enschede, The Netherlands. Fax: +31-53-4311922. Email: marc.staljanssens@aigx.be.

 

Field Guide Humus Forms. Description and classification of humus forms for ecological applications. B. van Delft, R. de Waal, R. Kemmers, and P. Mekkink. Translated from Dutch by J. Sevink. Alterra, Wageningen UR, 2006, 91 p. Colour plates.

This field guide is an easily accessible source of information on the description of humus forms and the biological, physical and chemical processes involved. Focus is on an ecosystem approach that considers the humus form as the link between living and non/living nature. The guide starts with a chapter on the organic matter cycle and its role in ecosystem functioning. It provides a description of the role of the soil fauna and flora in the decomposition of organic matter and release of nutrients. The second chapter describes how the humus form can be studied and described in the field, and provides overall guidelines for the identification and description of individual horizons. A key for the identification of these horizons and a system for the description of these horizons are given in the third chapter. Together, these allow for a standardized description of the humus forms, irrespective of the type of ecosystem of physiographic unit concerned. The last chapter gives information to the humus form classification developed for the Dutch conditions, which can also be used in Northwest Europe. Although this classification system has a restricted applicability, the principles of the system for identification and description are rather universal. For more information about humus forms research, see the website www.humusvormen.wur.nl. The authors can be reached by emailing: bas.vandelft@wur.nl.

Price: EUR 15.00.

Orders to: Alterra, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Fax: +31-317-419000. Email: info-alterra@wur.nl.

 

Soil Use and Management. Volume 23, supplement 1, September 2007. Special issue on Agriculture, Phosphorus, Eutrophication: a European Perspective. P. Withers and Ph. Haygarth, guest editors. Blackwell Publishing, 204 p. ISSN 0266-0032, print; ISSN 1473-2743, online.

The enrichment of European waters with anthropogenic sources of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and the resulting impairment of water use for recreation, industry and drinking, has become a major environmental issue in recent decades. Concern over eutrophication first emerged in Europe’s coastal waters with subsequent commitments by bordering countries to reduce nutrient emissions to the sea. National surveys of standing and flowing freshwaters in different EU countries also identified a widespread incidence of eutrophication and led to the development of various indicators to monitor trends in water quality. Whilst both N and P contribute to eutrophication, there is ample evidence that the main focus for reducing eutrophication should remain on phosphorus.

With the introduction of the EU Water Framework Directive in 2000, there is now a legislative framework to implement catchment controls over P inputs to EU waters from all sources, including those from agriculture. Controls over transfers of P from agricultural land have been judged a necessary part of the integrated catchment management needed to achieve the good ecological status demanded by Europe by 2015. In 1997, EU COST Action 832 (Quantifying the Agricultural Contribution to Eutrophication) was set up to help co-ordinate this research activity in order that the agricultural contribution of eutrophication could be more uniformly assessed across Europe. The specific aims of the Action were to develop a common conceptual understanding of the processes of P transfer to water and to identify appropriate methodologies for quantifying the use, cycling, transfer and impacts of phosphorus in runoff from agricultural land. The Action involved 18 countries. This Special Issue of Soil Use and Management, with 16 papers, draws together the knowledge base and selected research studies conducted across Europe as part of COST 832 and supporting national research programmes.

Orders to: Blackwell Publishing,  Journal Customer Services. Fax: +44-1865-471775. Email: customerservices@oxon.blackwellpublishing.com. In USA and Asia:  customerservices@blackwellpublishing.com.

 

Management of Tropical Sandy Soils for Sustainable Agriculture. A holistic approach for sustainable development of problem soils in the tropics. Khon Kaen, Thailand, 27th November to 2nd December 2005. Proceedings. 524 p. ISBN 978-974-7946-96-3. Softcover.

In contrast to the unproductive sandy soils of arid and desert regions that most people associate with, the light textured soils in the humid and semi-humid tropics are highly productive and of significant economic importance to many nations worldwide, supporting large numbers of people. These soils were once covered by climax forests with highly efficient ecosystems that have to a large extent been cleared for alternative use. The question that arises is – are current changed land use practices sustainable and for how long? This was the driver for the development of the symposium, which was held under the auspices of the IUSS and organized by L’Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France) and the Land Development Department (LDD, Thailand). It was attended by participants from 22 countries, with over 100 oral and poster papers.

The book with proceedings starts with the welcoming addresses and two key note addresses. Oral papers were presented in the following sessions; Session 1. Global extent of tropical sandy soils and their pedogenesis (6 papers); session 2. Socio-economic imperatives (2 papers); session 3. Chemical properties and their effect on productivity (10 papers); session 4. Physical properties of tropical sandy soils (9 papers); session 5. The role of organic matter and biological activity (9 papers); session 6. The management of these agro-ecosystems (17 papers); session 7. Successes and failures: stakeholders and development agencies perspectives in enhancing the livelihoods of communities on light textured sandy soil (7 papers). The 34 poster presentations conclude this book.  

Requests to: Dr. Yuji Niino, FAO Regional Office, Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Fax: +66-2-697-4445. Email: yuji.niino@fao.org.

 

Unser Boden. Wir stehen drauf! Eine Initiative von Landeshauptmann Dr. Erwin Pröll. DVD Video 15 Minuten. Herausgeber, Autor und Medieninhaber: Abteilung Landentwickung, Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung, St. Pölten, 2007.

This video pays attention to the different uses of the soil in Lower Austria, and its importance for safeguarding. It is an initiative within the framework of the Soil and Land Alliance of European Cities and Municipalities. (Boden-Bündnis Europäischer Städte und Gemeinden) to give information and educate school children as well as the general public about the soil and its value for housing, recreation, roads and, especially, food production.

The text of the major part of the video is in German and English. The rest of the video is in German and contains a film made at the start of a special programme for school children in some communities on Soil Day (13 April 2007).

For more information about the project and various activities of the Soil and Land Alliance, visit the website www.soil-alliance.org.

 

Fertilizing for High Yield and Quality. CEREALS. IPI Bulletin 17.  J. Wibberley. International Potash Institute, Horgen, 2006, 177 p. ISBN 978-3-9523243-0-1. Softcover.

Small-grain cereals include wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, some millets and rice. All cereals make up a high proportion of most human diets (typically half daily intake and, in developing countries, even higher) and thus have a strategic place in many farming systems internationally. The present Bulletin has eight chapters covering: the global importance of these cereals; botany and physiology of these cereals; the role of plant nutrients in cereal physiology; nutrient requirements; cereal nutrient management and agro-ecology; effects of fertilizer use on yield and quality of small-grain cereals; cereals in rotation-integrated nutrition and protection; fertilizer and nutrient management practices.

Price: USD 10.00.

Orders to: IPI, P.O. Box 560, CH-8810 Horgen, Switzerland. Fax: +41-43-819-49-25. Email: ipi@ipipotash.org. Website: www.ipipotash.org.

 

Geoderma. Volume 140, no. 4. 15 August 2007. pp. 323-456. Special Issue Pedometrics 2005. S. Grunwald, D.J. Brown and P. Govaerts, editors. Elsevier. ISSN 0016-7061.

This is the 8th special issue on pedometrics following the tradition to publish papers presented at Pedometrics meetings. This issue includes a subset of papers presented at the Meeting of Commission 1.5 Pedometrics of the IUSS. The meeting “Frontiers in Pedometrics” was held in September 2005 in Naples, Florida, USA. At the meeting a total of 36 oral and 16 poster papers were presented categorized into three topic areas: digital soil mapping; geostatistics; and soil sensing. The first two papers are focussed on the Matérn Covariance Function to predict soil properties and uncertainty propagation and sampling in geostatistical surveys. These are followed by a paper on a spatially-balanced complete block design for field experiments; and 5 papers on digital soil mapping applications, and two on the incorporation of remote and soil sensing methods explicitly into the respective soil prediction models. These papers may further stimulate the interest in incorporating pedometrics into soil studies. 

Orders to: In the Americas: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800, USA. Fax: +1-407-363-1354. Email: usjcs@elsevier.com. Internet: www.elsevier.com. In Europe, Middle East and Africa: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, P.O. Box 211. 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: +31-20-485-3432. Email: nlinfo@elsevier.com.  UK. Internet: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoderma.

 

Geoderma Special Issue: Fractal Geometry Applied to Soil and Related Hierarchical Systems. Geoderma, volume 134, nos. 3-4, October 2006   pp 237-452. Y. Pachepsky, E. Perfect and M.A. Martín, guest-editors. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Fractal geometry has long been advocated as a better representation of complex porous media as compared with simple Euclidean models based on straight lines and circle arcs. Twenty-five years of applications of fractal geometry in soil science showed the utility of this geometrical model in describing soil structure and texture, in simulating soil hydraulic properties and parameters of contaminant transport, in discriminating between soils under different management, and in compressing measurement from data-rich advanced measurement technologies, such as laser diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, computer-assisted tomography, and remote sensing, into meaningful and management-sensitive parameters. Fractal geometry is currently one of the best tools to address extreme events and rare occurrences that control changes of soil properties with scale. Recent developments in this field, including the application of information theory and multifractals to characterize natural hierarchical systems, were explored at the 6th International Workshop on "Fractal Mathematics Applied to Soil and Related Heterogeneous Systems" (PEDOFRACT 2004), which took place on July 2-6, 2004, at El Barco de Avila, Spain.  The special issue contains contributions from workshop participants and provides a representative sample of the ongoing international effort to expand the use of fractal models in the Earth sciences.

Orders to: In the Americas: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800, USA. Fax: +1-407-363-1354. Email: usjcs@elsevier.com. Internet: www.elsevier.com. In Europe, Middle East and Africa: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, P.O. Box 211. 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: +31-20-485-3432. Email: nlinfo@elsevier.com.  UK. Internet: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoderma.

 

Yakov Pachepsky, Beltsville, USA.

 

Water for food. Water for life. A comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. D. Mollen, editor. International Water Management Institute, Colombo and Earthscan, London, 2007, xvii + 645 p. ISBN 978-1-84407-396-2., softcover; 978-1-84407-397-9, hardcover.

Managing water resources is one of the most challenges of our times – fundamental to how we feed 2 billion more people in coming decades. eliminate poverty, and reverse ecosystem degradation. This book, involving more than 700 specialists, evaluates current thinking on water and its interplay with agriculture to help chart the way forward. It offers actions for water management and water policy – to ensure more equitable and effective use. This assessment describes key water-food-environment trends that influence our lives today and uses scenarios to explore the consequences of a range of potential investments. It aims to inform investors and policymakers about water and food choices in light of such crucial influences as poverty, ecosystems, governance, and productivity. It covers rainfed agriculture, irrigation, groundwater, marginal-quality water, fisheries, livestock, rice, land, and river basins. Ample tables, graphs, and references make this a very useful work for practitioners, academics, researchers, and policymakers in water management, agriculture, conservation, and development.

Price: GBP 34.95, softcover; GBP 95.00, hardcover.

Orders to:  Earthscan, 8-12 Camden Street, London NW1 0JH, UK. Fax: +44-20-7387-8998. Email: earthinfo@earthscan.co.uk. Website: www.earthscan.co.uk.

 

Voices from the Forest. Integrating indigenous knowledge into sustainable upland farming. M. Cairns, editor. RFF Press, Resources for the Future, Washington, 2007, xv + 826 p. ISBN 978-1-891853-92-0, softcover; 978-1-891853-92-0, hardcover.

Shifting cultivation, swidden, or slash-and-burn agriculture, has a bad reputation. It is frequently viewed as a major contributor to deforestation, land degradation, and recently, to widespread smog in SE Asia. This reputation is largely undeserved, for the majority of traditional swidden systems are sustainable and feature a high labour productivity at low population densities. However, there are enough cases to the contrary to keep the negative image alive. These usually arise from destabilization of preciously sustainable systems as a result of such factors as rapidly increasing population pressure, the encroachment of commercial logging, forced migrations, and changing production incentives.

These cultivation systems refer to a multiplicity of different fallow and rotational arrangements, associated with a tremendous cultural diversity. It is not surprising, therefore, that the responses to these pressures and opportunities have also been highly variable and on occasions, quite ingenious. There exist many successful systems of indigenous intensification, but they have never been systematically reviewed at the scale of the present book. A description and analysis of the multitude of these strategies would provide useful insights and directions for researchers and development practitioners alike, working on either avoiding or repairing the environmental, social, and economic problems resulting from the destabilization of shifting cultivation.

The book illustrates the enormous diversity of shifting cultivation systems and provides a striking testimony to human ingenuity. It sets out six fallow management typologies and presents case studies of each. The chapters show the richness of farmer experimentation and adaptation, and the frequency of complex or multiple systems within the same agroecosystem. More than 100 scholars from 22 countries, including agronomists, agricultural economists, ecologists, and anthropologists, collaborate in the analyses of different fallow management technologies. These have, in turn, worked closely with a cast of thousands of indigenous farmers of different cultures in a broad range of climate, crops and soil conditions. The book, which is limited to the Asia-Pacific region, has the following parts. Part I: Introduction (3 papers); Part II: Retention or promotion of volunteer species with economic or ecological value (10 papers); Part III: Shrub-based accelerated fallows (6 papers); Part IV: Herbaceous legume fallows (4 papers); Part V: Dispersed tree-based fallows (10 papers); Part VI: Perennial-annual crop rotations (6 papers); Part VII: Agroforests (14 papers); Part VIII: Across systems and typologies (9 papers); Part IX: Themes: property rights, markets and institutions (6 papers); and Part X: Conclusions. The book has 68 colour plates and closes with a botanical index, an index of nearly 100 ethnic groups living in the region, and a subject index.

Price: USD 50.00 softcover; USD 100.00 hardcover.

Orders to: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2715 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363, USA. Fax: +1-410-516-6998. Internet: www.press.jhu.edu. Or: John Wiley & Sons, Distribution Centre, 1 Oldlands Way, Bognor Regis, West Sussex PO22 9SA, UK. Fax: +44-1243-843296. Email: cs-books@wiley.co.uk.   

 

Pedological Biogeochemistry. O.K. Borggaard and B. Elberling. Department of Natural Sciences and Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, 2007, 353 p. ISBN 87-989450-1-7. Softcover. Published by the authors.

The subject of this book is soil chemistry, i.e. the composition of soil air, soil solution and soil mineral and organic solids, and the interactions between these phases. The book’s title emphasizes the importance of interacting biological and geochemical processes to understand soil genesis. Sustainable soil use requires appropriate knowledge about how different soils respond to various perturbations, which in turn, necessitates profound understanding of composition and properties of various soils. The soils considered in this book represent the soils of the World, although examples in the text are biased towards Danish soils. The first chapter gives an overview of basic pedology and includes definitions of soil terms, soil composition and components, and an outline of soil formation and classification with an introduction to Soil Taxonomy. The following 4 chapters discuss soil organic matter, soil minerals, soil solution and soil air. Mineral weathering is discussed in chapter 6, soil acidification in chapter 7, non-specific adsorption and specific adsorption are described in chapters 8 and 9. Soil salinization is considered in chapter 10, and the book closes with a chapter about redox processes. The book has many figures and tables. Interactive figures have been produced to provide possibilities for users to work with complex aspects of soil science. These figures can be found on the internet.

The book is specifically written for students interested in soil chemistry and pedology, but many students in related disciplines as well as professionals that need information about soils and soil processes will find this volume useful.

Price: EUR 70.00; USD 95.00, including packing and postage.

Orders to: Prof. Ole K. Borggaard, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C., Denmark. Email: okb@life.ku.dk.

 

European Journal of Soil Science. Volcanic Soils – Thematic Issue. P. Buurman and C. Regalado, guest editors. Volume 58, no 2. April 2007. pp 355-515. Blackwell Publishing.

ISSN: 1351-0754, print; 1365-2389, online.

Although volcanic soils are widespread throughout Europe, much of the research has been published in national journals and in a variety of languages. This precluded dissemination of European knowledge into the international literature. To bring together European knowledge, and address typically European environmental problems linked to such soils, a scientific study was funded by the EU under the name COST 622: “Soil resources of European volcanic systems”. The participants came from 12 countries in Europe, representing disciplines as far removed as erosion control and soil organic matter chemistry. Experts from non-European countries participated as invited speakers at meetings and in the two workshops. A series of volcanic soils were described collectively, sampled and analyzed, resulting in a dataset that is unsurpassed worldwide. The present issue of the European Journal of Soil Science contains the last collection of papers of COST 622, after issues of Geoderma and Catena, and a book (Arnalds et al., editors, Soils of Volcanic Regions of Europe. Springer, New York, 2006). This book includes a CD containing all primary data – synthesizing the information colleted during 5 years of this study.

Orders to: Blackwell Publishing, Journal Customer Services. Fax: +44-1865-471775. Email: customerservices@oxon.blackwellpublishing.com. In USA and Asia:  customerservices@blackwellpublishing.com.

 

European Journal of Soil Science. Molecular Methods – Thematic Issue. M.H. Gerzabek, G. Haberhauer, K.-U. Totsche and D. Tunega, editors. Volume 58, no. 4. August 2007. pp 867-988. Blackwell Publishing. ISSN 1351-0754, print; 1365-2389, online.

Today, soil science is increasingly confronted with societal-driven research questions that cannot be answered by tools and techniques specifically developed for the typical spatial and temporal scale of soil research – the plot and bench scale and hours to years, respectively. Over the last two decades soil research has become ever more open to the macroscale, which involves remote sensing, geo-statistics and global modelling approaches. At the same time, it has also accessed the micro- and  nano-scale, driven by the necessity to explore biogeochemical interfaces in soils at a molecular or even atomic level. These considerations led to an interest in the development of a more general understanding of the relationships between molecular characteristics of solutes and their interactions with biogeochemical interfaces in soils. Key elements of this endeavour include characterization and quantification of the molecular functionality and abundance of reaction sites of biogeochemical interfaces and their chemical activity.  The 10 papers in this issue are organized into three groups. The first group represents papers in which quantum chemical methods are applied to treat specific problems related to soil chemistry. The second group covers the application of simulation methods based on combining molecular dynamics with classical molecular mechanics, where interatomic interactions are expressed via empirical formulas. This approach is often called the force-field approach. The third group consists of two papers focusing on experimental methods.

Orders to: Blackwell Publishing, Journal Customer Services. Fax: +44-1865-471775. Email: customerservices@oxon.blackwellpublishing.com. In USA and Asia:  customerservices@blackwellpublishing.com.

 

 Soils. Basic Concepts and Future Challenges. G. Cerini and R. Scalengue, editors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2006, xvii + 310 p. ISBN 978-0-521-85173-2. Hardcover.

This book pays homage to Professor Fiorenzo C. Ugolini, an outstanding Italian soil scientist, who recently retired from university teaching and research. It is a synthesis of our present knowledge of soils, their genesis, functions and management. The book includes contributions from leading soil scientists from around the world and provides the basis concepts as well as the latest data and practical examples from across the discipline, including also many issues that are usually overlooked in other treatments. The book also discusses the increasingly important role of soils in enabling the preservation of life. Chapter 1 changes in perceptions of soils and their classification are explored. Chapter 2 discusses soil forming processes. Chapters 3 to 7 contain information about the different soil phases. The inorganic fractions of the soil are treated in chapter 3; soil organic matter in chapter 4; the liquid phase is discussed in chapter 5, the gaseous phase in chapter 6, the living phase follows in chapter 7. After the State Factor theory of soil formation is discussed in chapter 8, the different factors of soil formation are treated in chapters 9 to 14. Soil functions and land use is discussed in chapter 15; physical and chemical degradation of soils in chapters 16 and 17. In the 18th and last chapter a number of questions are raised in view of soil research in the future. The appendix contains lists and short descriptions of genetic horizons, the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy (ST) systems, and the approximate correlation of the Reference Soil Groups of WRB and the Soil Orders of ST.

Price: GBP 70.00.

Orders to: Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8RU, UK. Fax: +44-1223-326111. Email:

directcustserve@cambridge.org. Internet: www.cambridge.org. Or: Cambridge University Press, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, NY 10994-2133. Fax: +1-845-353-4141. Internet: www.cambridge.org/us.

 

Soils. Genesis and Geomorphology. R. Schaetzl and S. Anderson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2005, reprint with corrections 2007, xiii + 817 p. ISBN 978-0-521-81201-6. Hardcover.

In this comprehensive and accessible handbook the authors introduce the building blocks of the soil in Part I. They continue adding to the basic knowledge base in Part II (chapters 8-12), but add a great deal more material on theory and soil genesis/processes. In chapter 11, for example, a large dose of pedogenic and geomorphic theory is introduced, which in combination with the previous chapters allows to discuss soil genesis and pedogenic processes at length in chapter 12. Knowledge of soil genesis provides important information to scientists who classify them. Finally, considerable attention is given to examining soil landscapes over time and how soils can be used as dating tools and as keys to past environments. Part III is the synthesis section, for within it the authors pull together concepts introduced previously and apply them to problems of dating landscapes and understanding their evolution. Lateral flows of materials and energy link soil bodies to adjoining ones on the landscape, helping to reinforce the three-dimensional component. The use of many block diagrams shows the need for a holistic perspective on soils within the landscape. The book has a North American focus, but contains many data and examples of soil studies from outside this continent. As such, it can be a useful book for the global soils community. The book is well-illustrated with many clear figures, tables and few photographs. With over 80 pages references and a useful glossary of 50 pages and an extensive index, it is completed.

Price: GBP 45.00; USD 85.00.

Orders to: Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8RU, UK. Fax: +44-1223-326111. Email: directcustserve@cambridge.org. Internet: www.cambridge.org. Or: Cambridge University Press, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, NY 10994-2133. Fax: +1-845-353-4141. Internet: www.cambridge.org/us.

 

The Soils of Israel. A. Singer. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 2007, x + 306 p. ISBN 978-3-540-71731-7. Hardcover. 978-3-540-71734-8. Online.

When preparing my first trip to Israel, to attend the Aridic Soils meeting  in 1981 - held under the able leadership of Prof. Dan Yaalon a.o. -, I got hold of one of the few books about the soils in this country. It was written by A. Reifenberg, published in 1947 as a second edition, and was entitled “The Soils of Palestine”. I also obtained a 1: 600.000 generalized soil map, published in 1955. Although much valuable soil research and extensive soil surveys have been carried out in Israel, and reported on at meetings, in scientific and other journals, a new book, at least in English, as a follow-up of Reifenberg’s book, was not published until the present book appeared. This book gives a concise description of the soils of Israel, including their distribution, chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics and agricultural attributes. On the background of the various soil forming factors, such as the great variation of climate, lithology and physiography the pathways of their formation are discussed. The distribution of the different soil types is explained. Due attention is given to research results of the various studies carried out on paleosols with their paleogeographic significance. The presence of over 30 pages with 68 colour photographs is very illustrative and helpful. Fifteen pages with references and an index complete this book. 

This is a welcome addition to your and my library!

Price: EUR 99.95; USD 139.00.

Orders to: Springer Customer Service, Haberstrasse 7, D-69162 Heidelberg, Germany. Fax: +49-6221-345-4229. Email: orders@springer.de. Internet: springeronline.com.

 

                                                Hans van Baren, Wageningen, The Netherlands

 

Fertilizer Best Management Practices. International Fertilizer Industry Association, Paris, 2007, vi + 299 p. ISBN 2-9523139-2-X. Softcover.

This publication is a compilation of the papers presented at the IFA International Workshop on Fertilizer Best Management Practices (FBMPs), held in 2007 in Brussels. The workshop was aimed at: Defining the general principles of FBMPs and the strategy for their wider adoption; Defining the role of the fertilizer industry in developing and promoting FBMPs, and identify priority areas for action; Exchanging information on experiences; Reviewing achievements and locating the gas; and Understanding the actors and identifying the key partners. The workshop is a component of IFA’s initiative on FBMPs launched in 2006. Next steps at the global level include the definition of a global framework for FBMPs, and the development of a web portal and of a set of indicators for measuring the performance of FBMPs. The main challenge remains at the national and local levels, where FBMPs have to be tailored to the specific needs of different farming systems.

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s website: www.fertilizer.org. For a paper copy contact: IFA, 28, rue Marbeuf, F-75008 Paris, France. Fax: +33-1-539305-45. Email: publications@fertilizer.org.

 

Sustainable Management of the Nitrogen Cycle in Agriculture and Mitigation of Reactive Nitrogen Side Effects. IFA Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), Paris, 2007, vi + 53 p. ISBN 2-9523139-1-1. Softcover.

Nitrogen (N) is a vital element for life. It is an essential component of all proteins and of DNA. On Earth there are two pools of N, with relatively little exchange between them: the gaseous dinitrogen (N2) of the atmosphere, which makes up about 99% of total N, and the 1% of N that is chemically bound to other elements, such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) and has been described as “reactive nitrogen”, for its tendency to react with other elements. Gaseous N2 is almost inert and cannot used directly by most plants. It requires a high energy input to covert N2 into plant available, reactive N forms. The N cycle refers to the circulation of N compounds through the Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere and pedosphere. At various points in this cycle, reactive N compounds become involved in processes that can affect human health and the environment in both positive and negative ways. When improperly managed, N inputs can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Lack of reactive N leads to soil fertility decline. , low yields and crop protein content, depleted soil organic matter, etc. This booklet discusses the adoption of an integrated approach to nutrient management maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks associated with the use of N sources, contributing to raising crop productivity and N use efficiency.

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s website: www.fertilizer.org. For a paper copy contact: IFA, 28, rue Marbeuf, F-75008 Paris, France. Fax: +33-1-539305-45. Email: publications@fertilizer.org.

 

Les Grands Sols du Monde (the Great Soils of the World). J-P. Legros. Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne, 2007, 574 p. ISBN 978-2-88074-723-7.

The aim of this publication is to provide, in French, an overview of the diversity of soils on a global scale, an insight in the processes of their formation and their distribution and an understanding of the influence of their characteristics on their use and protection.  Of a total of fifteen chapters the first chapter is devoted to definitions of nomenclature, concepts and study methods which are essential for a full comprehension of the further text.  It is a refresher of general soil science. Chapter two gives a detailed description of the factors of soil formation.  Next to the classical factors of climate, parent material, time, relief and vegetation attention is also given to human influence such as terracing, fertilization, liming, manuring, irrigation, drainage, removal of stony material, polders, land leveling and pollution.

The third chapter deals with the basic theme of the book namely the ‘progressive subsidence’ (‘enfoncement progressif’) in soil formation, a geochemical process which over time leads to a sinking of the land surface to a lower level and the development of soil horizons.  Traditionally soil formation is considered to consist of a transfer and movement of components such as iron, aluminium, carbon, clay, calcium carbonate and salts through a skeleton of silt and sand.  It has mostly been overlooked that the skeleton is progressively emptied of its substance, which results in concentrations of residue and in soil collapse.  This alteration proceeds along weathering fronts and results in the horizontal and lateral stratification of the soil profile.  The textural and chemical composition of the soil horizons develops not only in function of internal movements and transfers but also in relation to external export.  These phenomena are particularly observable in old soils of the intertropical zone but are also present in younger soils of temperate areas.  The author suggests that this concept should be validated through modelisation and numerical simulation.  He feels that a number of classical – sometimes dogmatic – theories of soil formation need to be questioned.

Chapter four gives an overview of the four systems of classification to which reference is made in the book: the French ‘Commission de Pédologie et de Cartographie des Sols’ (CPCS, 1967), the USDA Soil Taxonomy (ST, 1960-2006), the French Référentiel pédologique (RP, 1995) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB, 1998-2006).  Each of the four systems is analyzed in terms of their structure, nomenclature and criteria used for the differentiation of the units.  In spite of the different approaches it appears that a certain congruence is emerging as reflected in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources.  It is the latter system which the author uses for his review of the great soils of the world although he frequently refers to units in the other systems since these are still in use in current francophone literature.  The ‘progressive subsidence’ applies geochemistry and mineralogy to study the spatial organization of the world’s soil pattern.  The author acknowledges to have given less attention to biology and organic matter issues which he considers to have been dealt with sufficiently elsewhere.

Chapters five through fifteen deal with clusters of the great soils of the world successively: 5, Ferralsols and other soils of warm regions; 6, Vertisols; 7, Calcisols; 8, Cambisol-Luvisols and Planosols; 9, Red Soils of Mediterranean and tropical dry areas; 10, Andosols; 11, Podzolized soils; 12, Gleysols-Stagnosols; 13, Histosols; 14, Solonchaks-Solonetz; 15, other soils.

Each of the chapters encompasses information on soil characteristics, spatial distribution, genesis, age, classification, agronomic and environmental notes.  The coverage of the Ferralsols is very elaborate, their being the lead example of ‘progressive subsidence’. The soil collapse is estimated at 20 m in a million years.  The evolution of horizons is dealt with in great detail, compassing the full transition of lithostructure to pedostructure, the formation of ferruginous crusts and stonelines.  A weak point of this chapter is that the Acrisols, considered part of the Ferralsol cluster (‘sols tropicaux lessivés’), have not been dealt with separately.  Acrisols are more extensive than Ferralsols in the world, have a different genesis and specific use and management requirements.  Acrisols are great soils on their own merits. For the Vertisols the concept of ‘progressive subsidence’ is more difficult to demonstrate.  However, the lack of a distinct differentiation of soil horizons is compensated by an evolution of the mineralogy throughout the development of Vertisols.  The chapters dealing with Luvisols and Podzolized soils present the processes of ‘progressive subsidence’ as alternatives to the conventional soil formation sequences of leaching and accumulation.  The chapter on Red Soils of Mediterranean and tropical dry areas is the only one which is not using the WRB system.  Emphasis is given to the fersiallitic nature of these soils, following the early French nomenclature.  This approach may indicate a shortcoming of WRB in identifying the cluster of fersiallitic soils as a separate Reference Soil Group.  Even though human influences on soil formation have appropriately been highlighted in Chapter two no chapter has been devoted to Anthrosols.  Increased attention paid to Anthrosols in the last ten years clearly shows that few soils in the world have remained ‘natural’ which is increasingly reflected in updated soil classification systems.  Chernozems, Phaeozems and Kastanozems have been relegated to a three page summary in Chapter fifteen, ‘other soils’, in spite of their productive importance and extension on a global scale.  A reason may be the stated lesser relevance of organic matter issues in the geochemical cycle of soil formation.  Some of the chapters are introduced by a pre-requisite facilitating the understanding of the main text, for instance the nature of the amorphous substances in the Andosols.

Each chapter is provided with an extensive bibliography.  The existence of the FAO/Unesco ‘Soil Map of the World’ is briefly mentioned in the text.  It is regretted that this publication is not referred to in the bibliography since it is the basis of the WRB and offers a cartographic synthesis of the great soils of the world (FAO, 1971-1981).

The publication is well supplied with explanatory graphs and photographs.  An inlay of twelve pages of coloured photographs adds a field perspective even though the captions do not consistently trace back to the text of the study.

The ‘Great Soils of the World’ are in the first instance addressed to bachelor/master students in soil science and to those scientists who are especially involved in soil genesis and classification.  It will be of particular interest to geographers, geologists and all those who are studying the diversity and the chemical and mineralogical composition of the planet’s skin.  The author recommends that soils be studied bottom upwards, from the lower alteration front to the overlying residual layers.  He suggests that this approach may lead to reconcile geology and pedology and to rethinking the classical hypotheses of soil formation and of their impact on soil classification.

Price: EUR 61.60 plus taxes, packing and postage. In Switzerland: CHF 96.50, In France: EUR 65.00.

Orders to: Presses Polytechniques et Universitaire Romandes, Case Postale 119, EPFL – Centre Midi, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Fax: +41-21-693-40-27. Email: ppur@epfl.ch. Internet: ppur.epfl.ch.

R. Dudal, Leuven, Belgium.

 

Interpreting Soil Test Results. What do all the numbers mean? P. Hazelton and B. Murphy. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2007, 160 p. ISBN 978-0-64309-225-9. Softcover.

The first edition of this text was written for officers in the then Soil Conservation Service of new South Wales, Australia, who were expected to interpret and give advise on a wide variety of soil management issues. In the present publication the original information has been reviewed and revised. The data contains test results that are more wide reaching than ever originally intended. The text is, therefore, useful for a wider range of professionals from agriculturalists to engineers. The data colleted shows the large volume and diversity of information needed by all professionals who endeavour to provide advice on natural resources management. The interpretations and values provided are not intended for specific advice on particular problems or issues, but provide a general background on the variety of soil tests available and how the results may be interpreted. All chapters have lists of references and suggestions for further reading.

Price: AUD 59.95.

Orders to: CSIRO Publishing, P.O. Box 1139, Collingwood VIC 3066, Australia. Fax: +61-3-9662-7555. Email: publishing.sales@csiro.au. Website: www.publish.csiro.au.

 

Soils on the Global Agenda. Developing international mechanisms for sustainable land management. H. Hurni, M. Giger and K. Meijer, editors. Published by Geographica Bernensia on behalf of the IUSS, 2006, 64 p. ISBN 978-3-906151-93-X. Softcover.

A number of international mechanisms have recently included soils as a natural resource of vital importance. Be it for carbon sequestration, soil biodiversity preservation, ecosystem services, as a basis for agricultural production, or simply a living space soils have multiple functions that are vital to global sustainability. The present publication assembles information and experiences from a number of key stakeholders with a land management background. These specialists met in an international symposium, discussed their experiences, and developed priorities for further action in support of the World Soils Agenda, which was developed by the IUSS Working Group IASUS: International Actions for the Sustainable Use of Soils. Concrete actions are here proposed for improving international mechanisms in support of sustainable land management. It is hoped that the proposals in this well-written and lavishly illustrated publication will be picked up by policy makers and politicians, and that funding will come forward for further action. To achieve the goals, a wide distribution, especially outside the soil science community, is needed.

Requests to: Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Switzerland. Fax: +41-31-631-85-44. Email: cde@cde.unibe.ch. Website: www.cde.unibe.ch.

 

Sustainable Land Management Challenges, opportunities and trade-offs. Agriculture and Rural Development Series. World Bank, 2006, 138 p. ISBN 0-8213-6597-5.

Sustainable Land Management (SLM) is a knowledge-based procedure that integrates land, water, biodiversity and environmental management to meet rising food and fibre demands while sustaining ecosystem and environmental services and livelihoods. Due to varying combinations of political, social and economic factors, the mining of the natural resource base that has supplied a rapidly growing global population and economy has resulted in significant unintended mismanagement and degradation of land and associated ecosystem services. Scientific advances in the quantification of SLM-based environmental services at field and watershed scales underpin the growing market on payments for environmental services and incentives for SLM and the rehabilitation of degraded lands.

This book highlights the global extent of land degradation, quantifies current SLM investments and identifies SLM priorities, opportunities, and challenges in the face of significant but unpredictable climate change.

Price: GBP 11.50.

Orders to: Eurospan Group, 3 Henriette Street, Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU, UK. Fax: +44-1767-601640. Email: eurospan@turpin-distribution.com. Website: www.eurospangroup.com/bookstore.

 

Evaporation. Selection, Introduction and Commentaries. Benchmark Papers in Hydrology. J.H.C. Gash and W.J. Shutteworth. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2007, x + 432 p. ISBN 978-901502-98-5. Softcover.

This volume in the new series of the IAHS is also of interest to soil scientists. The development of evaporation measurement techniques are documented first, commencing with the Wagon Wheel Gap catchment water balance (1921), through mass budget to water transfer methods, and use of scintillometry. Dalton’s seminal essay On Evaporation (1802) starts the selection of papers on evaporation estimation, which then covers atmospheric controls on the evaporation process (the original Penman and Thornthwaite papers are reproduced), vegetation controls via transpiration and interception, and finally evaporation as a component of the global climate system. The Commentaries explain the context and significance of each of these important papers.

Price: GBP 40.00.

Orders to: Mrs. Jill Gash, IAHS Press, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK. Fax: +44-1491-692448. Email: jilly@iahs.demon.co.uk. Internet: via: www.iahs.info.



[1] The New Publication section is prepared by Hans van Baren (hans.vanbaren@wur.nl). Should you have a publication that you would like to have included in the next IUSS Bulletin, ask your publisher to send a review copy to: ISRIC-IUSS, PO Box 353, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands.